Hawthorn

These are the amounts published trials administered — not a recommendation, and not a dose to copy. Trial participants were screened, supervised and given a characterised preparation. What is in a retail bottle is frequently not what was studied, and the amount that suits one person is not general advice.

• Studied for Chronic heart failure, as an adjunct

  160–1800 mg

  Moderate

  Standardised leaf and flower extract, divided doses · 18.75% oligomeric procyanidins in the most-studied extract · 4 weeks to 24 months

  Trials used specific European extracts alongside standard heart failure medication, not instead of it. The dose range spans different extracts and cannot be read as a dose-response curve.

• Studied for Mild hypertension

  500–1200 mg

  Not enough

  Extract capsule · 10–16 weeks

  Small trials with inconsistent results; several found no difference from placebo.

This is general information about food, not medical advice. It cannot diagnose, treat or replace guidance from a clinician who knows your history.

None of the timings below were directly compared in a trial. They reflect how the research happened to dose, or what the pharmacology implies — which is not the same as a timing being better.

• 🔀Split through the day

  Not enough

  Trials dosed two or three times daily. No comparison of schedules has been made.

  Timing was not directly compared. This reflects convention or how the compound behaves in the body, not a trial showing this window works better.